JUNE 1989
| Factor | Important or very important | exists at work |
| Challenging work | 97% | 88% |
| My opinion matters when decisions are made | 96 | 69 |
| Recognition when I've done a job well | 91 | 55 |
| Pay clearly tied to my performance | 89 | 50 |
| Working for a company I can be proud of | 87 | 79 |
| Good, fair performance measures | 85 | 39 |
| Autonomy on the job | 82 | 66 |
| Competitive salary | 81 | 81 |
| Clear performance goals | 78 | 40 |
| Opportunity to learn on the job | 76 | 77 |
| Clear career opportunities | 74 | 26 |
| Harmonious relationships with my co-workers | 71 | 75 |
| Job security | 59 | 58 |
| Generous benefit program | 54 | 68 |
| Special incentives (merchandise, travel) | 9 | 11 |
The five factors in bold indicate the greatest disparity between what managers value and its availability in their workplace.
Source: From a 1988 survey of 383 American Productivity & Quality Center members, 171 of whom identified themselves as top management and 198 as middle management.